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• Hacks + Notes
• Vocab

Hacks + Notes

Lesson	Hacks	Notes	Grades
Unit 3 Sections 1-2	Hacks	Notes	1
Unit 3 Sections 3-4	Hacks	Notes	1
Unit 3 Sections 5-7	Hacks	Notes	0.9
Unit 3 Sections 8-10	Hacks	Notes	1
Unit 3 Sections 9-11	Hacks	Notes	0.93
Unit 3 Sections 12-13	N/A	Notes	N/A
Unit 3 Sections 14-15	Hacks	Notes	0.9
Unit 3 Sections 16	Hacks	Notes	0.9
Unit 3 Sections 17-18	Hacks	Notes	N/A

Vocab

• Bits, Bytes, Hexadecimal / Nibbles:

A bit is the smallest unit of data, representing either a 0 or a 1. A byte is a unit of digital information that consists of 8 bits. Hexadecimal is a numbering system that represents numbers using the base 16, with the digits 0-9 and A-F. Each hexadecimal digit represents 4 bits, so two hexadecimal digits make up 1 byte.

• Binary Numbers: Unsigned Integer, Signed Integer, Floating Point:

An unsigned integer is a binary number that can only represent positive numbers. A signed integer is a binary number that can represent both positive and negative numbers using a sign bit. A floating point number is a binary number that can represent real numbers with a decimal point.

• Binary Data Abstractions: Boolean, ASCII, Unicode, RGB:

A boolean is a data type that can only have two values: True or False. ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) is a character encoding standard that represents text using numbers. Unicode is a character encoding standard that represents a wide range of characters from various scripts. RGB (Red Green Blue) is a color model that represents colors as a combination of red, green, and blue values.

• Data Compression: Lossy, Lossless (note discussed yet):

Lossy data compression is a method of reducing the size of a file by removing some of the data. This can result in a loss of quality, but the file size is smaller. Lossless data compression is a method of reducing the size of a file without losing any data. The file size is smaller, but the quality is not compromised.

• Variables, Data Types, Assignment Operators:

A variable is a named location in memory that stores a value. Data types define the type of value that a variable can store, such as an integer, a string, or a boolean. Assignment operators are used to assign a value to a variable. In Python, the assignment operator is the equal sign (=).

• Managing Complexity with Variables: Lists, 2D Lists, Dictionaries, Class:

A list is an ordered collection of values that can be of any data type. Lists are created using square brackets and the values are separated by commas. For example: my_list = [1, 2, 3] A 2D list is a list of lists, representing a table of values with rows and columns. A dictionary is a collection of key-value pairs, where each key is mapped to a value. Dictionaries are created using curly braces and the key-value pairs are separated by commas. For example: my_dict = {‘key’: ‘value’} A class is a template for creating objects. It defines the properties and methods of the objects.

• Algorithms, Sequence, Selection, Iteration:

An algorithm is a set of steps for solving a problem. Sequence is the order in which statements are executed in a program. Selection is the decision-making process in a program, using control statements such as if-else statements. Iteration is the repetition of a block of code using loops.

• Expressions, Comparison Operators, Booleans Expressions and Selection, Booleans Expressions and Iteration, Truth Tables:

An expression is a combination of values, variables, and operators that evaluates to a result. Comparison operators are used

Variables: variables are storage

var = 3

This is an example of a variabe

Data Types: Some datatypes are string lists

list = []

This is a list

Assignment Operators: the arrow represents assignment operators

varknow = 6

we are assigning a value to this

Managing Complexity with Variables: Lists: lists can be used to store many types of data

sports = ["basketball","soccer"]

2D Lists,

list = []

Dictionaries: very good way to store keys and terms

dict = {"car":"good", "cat":,"bad"}

Class Algorithms, Algorithms help smplify code

def function():
    print("hi")

def new():
    print("this is a function"):

Sequence: represents the order

print("this is first")
print("this is after")

Selection makes decision based on data

if dog==True:
    print("there is a dog")

Iteration this is aloop

for i in range(5):
    print("hi")

this loops over 5 times

Expressions, Comparison Operators,some comparison terms are like < and >

if num1 > num2:
    print("num1 is greater than num2")

Booleans Expressions and Selection, selects if a value is true or not

boolean = True
falseboolean = False

Booleans Expressions and Iteration, Truth Tables

function truth(){
    var data = [[1,1], [1,0], [0,1], [0,0]];
    var text = ""
    for(let i =0; i < data.length; i++) {
        text += data[i][0] + "&" + data[i][1] + "-->" + (data[i][0] & data[i][1]).toString() + "<br>"
    }
    for(let i =0; i < data.length; i++) {
        text += data[i][0] + "|" + data[i][1] + "-->" + (data[i][0] | data[i][1]).toString() + "<br>"  
    }
    for(let i =0; i < data.length; i++) {
        text += data[i][0] + "^" + data[i][1] + "-->" + (data[i][0] ^ data[i][1]).toString() + "<br>"
    }
    let newdata = [1,0]
    for(let i =0; i < newdata.length; i++) {
        text += "~" + newdata[i] + "=" + ~newdata[i] + "<br>"
    }
    document.getElementById("text1").innerHTML = text
}
truth()

Characters,A word can be split into characters

word = "hi"
split = word.split()

Strings, basic values held in a variable

string = "hi"

Length, There is a length function that can get the length of any string

list = [1,2,3,4,5,6]
length = len(list)

This gets the length of the list

Concatenation, You can combine databases with this

import pandas
pd = pd.concat()

Python If, can check for certain conditions

if boolean=True:
    print("any text here")

Elif, This can be used to check for a second function and this is very useful when choosing between certain conditions

if boolean=True:
    print('good')
elif boolean=False:
    print("this is bad")

Else conditionals;

if True:
    print("this is true")
else:
    print("not possible")

Nested Selection Statements

if True:
    if dogs==True:
        print("very good")

This can be used to checkfor many conditions whithin a certain condition, you can nest many conditions

Python For,

for i in range(5):
    print(i)

While loops with Range,

while i<6:
    i+= 1

Combining loops with conditionals to Break, Continue Procedural Abstraction, Python Def procedures, Parameters, Return Values