Unit 3, Section 1.1: Data Types and Variables

  • variable is an abstraction that holds a value
  • variables have meaningful names to help organize
  • each different language has a specific way to store variables
  • variables hold variable
  • makes code more organized, variables can be compared to containers
  • it is important to choose a name that correlates to the function
  • integers for numbers
  • strings stores text
  • boolean true or false
  • input function recieves input
  • document.querySelector is a javascript code that you can use the query the code to find a certain class in order to find the button

    3.2.2 Data Absraction with lists

  • lists bundle together multiple elements under one name
  • you can have different types of variables whithin one list
  • the function list in python splits a string into a list of characters
  • .join can join the characters together

    Unit 3.1-3.3 Hacks

    name = "alex"
age = 16
print("name is", name)
print("age is", age)

    In your own words, briefly explain by writing down what an assignment operator is

  • an equal sign is an assignment operator as it assigns a variable to a value In Collegeboard pseudocode, what symbol is used to assign values to variables?
  • the arrow is used to assign values A variable, x, is initially given a value of 15. Later on, the value for x is changed to 22. If you print x, would the command display 15 or 22?
  • it would output 22

What is a list?

  • a bundle of multiple elements What is an element
  • an element could be a number or integer, string, or a boolean expression What is an easy way to reference the elements in a list or string?
  • use index to find the elements in a list What is an example of a string?
  • “amay” this is an example of a string 
    foods = ["pizza", "chicken", "steak", "pasta", "lasagna", "salad", "burger"]
print(foods[3])
print(foods[-4])

    ``` python num1=input(“Input a number. “) num2=input(“Input a number. “) num3=input(“Input a number. “) add=input(“How much would you like to add? “)

Add code in the space below

numlist = [num1,num2,num3]

The following is the code that adds the inputted addend to the other numbers. It is hidden from the user.

for i in [int(a) for a in numlist]: numlist[i -1] += int(add)

print(numlist)

![](/fastpages-APCSP/images/123.png)

```python
foods = ["pizza", "hot dog", "sushi", "strawberry", "sandwhich"] #simplified foods list
# it is better to use lists because it is more simple
sports1 = "basketball"
sports2= "tennis"
sports3 = "soccer"
sports= ["basketball","tennis","soccer"]

lesson 3.3 and 3.4

  • Algorithms are a finite set of instructions that can help you accomplish a task
  • an algorithm is made up of sequencing selection and iteration
  • A sequence is the orders or the instructions
  • selection is what allows algorithms to make decisions

  • finally iteration is what repeats

  • sequential statements specify how signals can be assigned
  • sequencing is the order that the code explains these steps
  • arithmetic operators, you can add and do basic operators by using + - / and *
  • this operator % gives out the remainder
  • len() gives the number of characters inside of a string
  • concat(“”, “”) combines two different strings
  • subtstring() can return specific characters of a string

HACKS for 3.3 and 3.4

  1. sequencing
  2. sequencing
  3. selection, sequencing
  4. iteration, sequencing
  5. sequencing
num1 = 5
num2 = num1 * 3
num3 = num2 / num1 * (9 % 2) * 4
result = (num3 % num1 + num2) % num3 * 3 / 5

this results in 3

hacks for 3.3

  1. iteration
  2. selection
  3. sequence

lesson plan for 3.5-3.7

  • Conditionals allow us to check whether a function is true or false
  • we can determine whether something is true or false based off of booleans
  • True or False
  • we can use binary to also check whether a condtional is true or false
  • you can use elif statements to check for multiple different
  • elif statements allow you to check for ideas such as whether an age is a certain level or a height is a certain height
  • after these conditionals we can then output various things depending on the input
  • to use binary for true or false, 1 represents true and 0 represents false
  • 1 and 0 is 0
  • 1 Xor 0 is 1
  • 1 or 1 is 1 examples of if statements to check for basic conditionals 
    age = 0
cart = 0
# Put the code for ex:1
if age >= 16:
 print("works")
# Put the code for ex:2
if cart < 4:
 ("works")
  • algorithms are a set of instructions that take in input and run a certain job and give an output
  • selection uses conditionals to make a decision, for example like a boolean expression

Unit 3 Sections 8 and 10 Notes!

  • 8.1
  • Section Vocabulary:

Iteration: repeats a certain code blocks over and over as specified

Iteration Statements: repeats until a stopping condition is met

Repeat Until: repeats until blocks iterate over a certain code block until a certain condition is met, will not start unless the condition is false

  • Break points can be used to check for conditions to stop looping
  • It is very important to put break points so you don’t have to keep looping forever
  • iteration is a repeating portion of a code

  • stopping conditions can be utilized in loops

  • 3.8.2
  • iteration statement: causes statements to be repeated
  • when using range function, for example 
    for i in range(10)
  print(i)
#or
i = 0
while (i < 5):
  print("Hello, World!")
  i = i + 1
  • These are both loops thata will iterate through the algorithm

3.8.3

sports = ["basketball","tennis"]
for i in sports:
    if i == "basletball":
        print(i)
  • Another example of a for loop with embedded if statments 
    number = 0 
while number < 10:
  if number % 2 == 0:
      print(number)
  number += 1
  • this is a while loop that will checks if there is no remainer, if there is no remainder it will print otherwise it will just add 1
  • This can be used to find even numbers and if you want to add them up you can also loop through an algorithm that will add the numbers together
  • use int() to get numbers

Unit 3 Sections 9 and 11

  • Algorithms can be written in different ways 
    print("What Grade Did You Get?")
grade = int(input("Enter Grade:"))
if grade >= 90:
      print("Wow! Good job!")
if 70 <= grade < 90:
      print("Nice!")
elif grade < 70:
      print("Do Better")
  • This code allows us to take an input of the grade and gives the output of a check of how they are doing
  • small differences in code allows them to have different functions even if it is just the simple change in an operator 
    print("What Grade Did You Get?")
grade = int(input("Enter Grade:"))
A = grade >= 90
B = 70 <= grade < 90
C = grade < 70
if A:
      print("Wow! Good job!")
elif B:
      print("Nice!")
elif C:
      print("Do Better")
  • This is another function that does the same thing assigning a good job to an A grade

  • You can nest if statements to test for multiple conditions whithin a single if statement

  • Creating outlines of a function before creating it allows you to develop it easier.
  • Flowcharts are an easy way to visualize the algorithm
  • Iteration can be used to cycle through an algorithm to check for a condition over and over again
  • If the certain condition is not met it will keep repeating
  • Binary search :repeatedly dividing a search interval in half

Unit 2… Binary/Data Terms

Bits: Bits are the individual numbers that describe binary Bytes, Hexadecimal / Nibbles Binary Numbers: Unsigned Integer, Signed Integer, Floating Point Binary Data Abstractions: Boolean, ASCII, Unicode, RGB Data Compression: Lossy, Lossless (note discussed yet) Unit 3… Algorithm/Programming Terms ——————- Variables: variables are storage

var = 3

This is an example of a variabe

Data Types: Some datatypes are string lists

list = []

This is a list

Assignment Operators: the arrow represents assignment operators

varknow = 6

we are assigning a value to this

Managing Complexity with Variables: Lists: lists can be used to store many types of data

sports = ["basketball","soccer"]

2D Lists,

list = []

Dictionaries: very good way to store keys and terms

dict = {"car":"good", "cat":,"bad"}

Class Algorithms, Algorithms help smplify code

def function():
    print("hi")

def new():
    print("this is a function"):

Sequence: represents the order

print("this is first")
print("this is after")

Selection makes decision based on data

if dog==True:
    print("there is a dog")

Iteration this is aloop

for i in range(5):
    print("hi")

this loops over 5 times

Expressions, Comparison Operators,some comparison terms are like < and >

if num1 > num2:
    print("num1 is greater than num2")

Booleans Expressions and Selection, selects if a value is true or not

boolean = True
falseboolean = False

Booleans Expressions and Iteration, Truth Tables

function truth(){
    var data = [[1,1], [1,0], [0,1], [0,0]];
    var text = ""
    for(let i =0; i < data.length; i++) {
        text += data[i][0] + "&" + data[i][1] + "-->" + (data[i][0] & data[i][1]).toString() + "<br>"
    }
    for(let i =0; i < data.length; i++) {
        text += data[i][0] + "|" + data[i][1] + "-->" + (data[i][0] | data[i][1]).toString() + "<br>"  
    }
    for(let i =0; i < data.length; i++) {
        text += data[i][0] + "^" + data[i][1] + "-->" + (data[i][0] ^ data[i][1]).toString() + "<br>"
    }
    let newdata = [1,0]
    for(let i =0; i < newdata.length; i++) {
        text += "~" + newdata[i] + "=" + ~newdata[i] + "<br>"
    }
    document.getElementById("text1").innerHTML = text
}
truth()

Characters,A word can be split into characters

word = "hi"
split = word.split()

Strings, basic values held in a variable

string = "hi"

Length, There is a length function that can get the length of any string

list = [1,2,3,4,5,6]
length = len(list)

This gets the length of the list

Concatenation, You can combine databases with this

import pandas
pd = pd.concat()

Python If, can check for certain conditions

if boolean=True:
    print("any text here")

Elif, This can be used to check for a second function and this is very useful when choosing between certain conditions

if boolean=True:
    print('good')
elif boolean=False:
    print("this is bad")

Else conditionals;

if True:
    print("this is true")
else:
    print("not possible")

Nested Selection Statements

if True:
    if dogs==True:
        print("very good")

This can be used to checkfor many conditions whithin a certain condition, you can nest many conditions

Python For,

for i in range(5):
    print(i)

While loops with Range,

while i<6:
    i+= 1

Combining loops with conditionals to Break, Continue Procedural Abstraction, Python Def procedures, Parameters, Return Values